Cyber threats are everywhere, making it crucial to understand them as the first step towards safety. While there are many common types of cyber attacks, some are more dangerous than others, much like how certain industries are more frequently targeted by cybercriminals.
In this blog post, we’ll explore both the most prevalent types of cyber attacks and the industries most vulnerable to these threats. We’ll break down how cyber attacks work and demonstrate the methods attackers use. By knowing what to watch out for, you can better protect yourself and your organization from these cybersecurity threats. Let’s dive in and get you prepared for the fight against cybercrime.
What is a cyber attack?
A cyber attack is any attempt by hackers to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, networks, or devices. These attacks can target individuals, businesses, or even government organizations, and they often aim to steal, modify, control, or destroy data, confidential information or system resources. The primary aim is to have a financial gain out of this. Cyber attacks come in many forms, each exploiting different vulnerabilities and using various techniques to achieve their goals.
Understanding the nature of cyber attacks is crucial, but first, let’s explore which industries are the most common cyber attacks targets.
Who do cyber criminals target?
Cybercriminals target a broad range of sectors, but certain industries and entities are more frequently hit due to the high value of the data they possess and their often weaker defenses.
The healthcare industry, for instance, is a prime target because it stores vast amounts of sensitive information, including medical records, insurance information, and payment details. According to a Check Point 2023 report, attacks on the healthcare sector increased by 74% year-on-year due to the critical nature of the data and often outdated security infrastructure. That’s why healthcare cybersecurity services are something every company in this industry should consider using.
Financial institutions also face a significant threat as they provide direct access to financial resources. These entities experience a surge in sophisticated phishing and ransomware attacks designed to steal money directly or hold systems hostage for ransom payments. This makes financial services cybersecurity a must in turning a brand into a trustful partner in this industry.
Small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and the retail and e-commerce sectors are also on the radar of threat actors. SMBs are perceived as low-hanging fruit with valuable data and financial assets, while retailers handle large volumes of payment card information, making them lucrative targets for data breaches and ransomware attacks. If you own such a business, you should definitely think about finding trustworthy e-commerce cybersecurity services.
The manufacturing sector is also increasingly targeted by cybersecurity attacks due to its critical role in the supply chain and reliance on operational technology, which often lacks strong cybersecurity defenses. These attacks can disrupt production lines and lead to significant financial losses, so finding manufacturing cybersecurity service provider on time can save you a lot of trouble.
While certain industries are more frequently targeted, no industry is completely safe. Businesses and individuals need to stay vigilant and prepared. The first step is understanding the different types of cyber attacks and how they operate.
What are the most common types of cyber attacks?
Understanding the most common types of cyber attacks is crucial for developing effective defenses. Cybercriminals employ various techniques to exploit vulnerabilities and gain unauthorized access to systems. Here are some of the most prevalent types of cyber attacks:
1. Social engineering attack
Social engineering attacks manipulate individuals into revealing confidential or sensitive information or performing actions that compromise security. These attacks often rely on psychological manipulation rather than technical exploits. Common tactics include pretexting, baiting, and scareware. The 2023 Proofpoint Human Factor Report highlights that social engineering attacks are on the rise, exploiting human vulnerabilities to gain access to sensitive data.
Phishing attacks
Phishing attack is one of the most common and effective types of cyber attacks. It involves tricking individuals into providing sensitive information, such as login credentials or financial information, by pretending to be a trustworthy entity. These attacks are frequently conducted via emails that look like they are coming from a legitimate source, fake websites (also known as spoofing), or text messages to lure victims. There are several variations of phishing attacks, known as whale phishing, spear phishing, and pharming.
Whale phishing attacks
Whale phishing is a form of spear phishing attack that targets high-profile individuals such as executives or key decision-makers within an organization. These attacks aim to steal sensitive data, confidential information or to gain access to critical systems which are available for those specific people. These individuals are also more likely to pay a ransom if they fall prey to such an attack.
Spear phishing
Spear phishing is a targeted phishing attack aimed at specific individuals or organizations. Unlike general phishing, spear phishing attacks is personalized and often appears to come from a known and trusted source. This type of attack is based on research about the target and may be harder to spot than blanket phishing attempts.
Pharming
Pharming involves redirecting users from legitimate website to fraudulent ones without their knowledge. Pharming is achieved by exploiting vulnerabilities in DNS servers or by installing harmful software on the victim’s operating system.
Smishing
Smishing, or SMS phishing, involves sending fraudulent messages via SMS (text messaging) instead of email. These messages often contain a link to a fake website or prompt the recipient to call a fraudulent phone number. Smishing can be particularly effective because people tend to trust text messages more than emails.
Clone phishing
Clone phishing involves duplicating a legitimate, previously sent email and altering it slightly to contain malicious content, such as a link or attachment. The attacker sends the cloned email to the same recipient, pretending it is a resend or an updated version. The familiarity of the email makes the recipient more likely to trust and interact with it.
2. Malware attacks
Malware attack, short for malicious software, is a broad concept that includes various types of very common cyber attacks – viruses, trojans, worms, and spyware. Once installed on a device, malicious software can exploit vulnerabilities, steal data, damage files, and allow attackers to gain control of the system.
Viruses work by attaching to the initialization sequences of applications and infecting whole systems. Trojans hide within other applications to allow attackers to install malware execute exploitation attacks. Worms are distributed widely and replicate themselves to overload a server and thus complete DoS attacks. As for spyware, it gathers data about users and systems and then abuses it for blackmailing or other malware installation.
3. Ransomware attack
Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim’s data, rendering it inaccessible until a ransom is paid to the attacker. Typically, attackers gain access by tricking users into downloading a malicious file or opening a malicious link so they can install malware. Once the malware is on the system, it will lock access to the system and/or encrypt the data, threatening to either make it public, make it unavailable, or destroy it. This approach is also known as cryptoviral extortion, which makes it largely impossible to retrieve the data without the decryption key held by the attackers.
To regain access to the critical or sensitive information, attackers target are asked to pay a ransom. However, paying a ransom does not guarantee that the lost data will be retrieved. This is particularly relevant with the advent of digital currencies like cryptocurrencies, which make it difficult to track down attackers. As a result, even when a ransom is paid, attackers may choose to withhold access to data or demand further payment.
Ransomware has grown immensely in popularity over the last few years due to the emergence of the ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) model. This model allows attackers to rent out ransomware tools, making it easier for less technically skilled criminals to launch attacks. Even though this model is fairly new, ransomware as such an attack method is more than 30 years old.
4. DoS and DDoS attacks
The denial of service attack (DoS) and the distributed denial of service attack (DDoS) are both about denying access to a network or a service by flooding them with false requests blocking the legitimate service requests. This overwhelms the bandwidth of the target, making it impossible for legitimate network traffic to get through and be serviced.
The final goal of these attacks is always about crashing the target system or network or simply making it unable to respond. These attacks do not lead to data or systems damage or data theft, yet they still consume time and resources and may sometimes continue for months.
DoS and DDoS attack differ mostly in how they are executed. While DoS is typically performed through one computer system, a DDoS attack uses many machines to launch the attack, making it more difficult to block. DDoS attacks are frequently launched via botnets – networks of compromised devices that are used in a synchronized manner.
5. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks
The MitM attack is the process of intercepting data or communication that’s being transferred from a sender to a receiver. It can entail the interception of data sent between a web client and a server. Alternatively, it can also be meddling in the private messaging between users on communication platforms. In both cases, the attacker takes a position in the middle – usually eavesdropping on the data exchange or conversation between the two legitimate parties. It’s also possible to send malicious files to the victims.
The attacker pretends to be one of the legitimate users, gaining access to private data such as bank information, usernames and passwords, and more. MitM attacks can be used for identity theft and financial gain, as well as a range of other cyber crimes. These attacks are often carried out over unsecured or public Wi-Fi networks.
6. Insider threats
Insider threats refers to a security risk that comes from within an organization, often involving current or former employees, contractors, or business associates who have inside information about the organization’s security practices, data, and systems. These insider threats can be intentional, such as data theft or sabotage, or unintentional, resulting from negligence or ignorance. Insider threats are challenging to detect because insiders already have authorized access, making their activities harder to distinguish from normal operations. To mitigate these risks, organizations must implement strict access controls, monitor user activity, and foster a culture of security awareness.
7. SQL injections
SQL injection attack involves injecting malicious code into a query to manipulate a database. Those code injection attacks can allow attackers to access, modify, or delete data without authorization. Websites and web applications that do not properly sanitize user input are particularly vulnerable to SQL and code injection web attacks.
There are different kinds of SQL injection attacks, including in-band, error-based, union-based, blind, content-based, time-based, and out-of-band. According to the OWASP Foundation, the SQL injection attack remains one of the top security risks for web applications.
8. Brute-force attack
In executing brute-force attacks, cybercriminals rely on the method of trial and error to forcefully gain access to login credentials, encryption keys, and similar sensitive data. These password attacks target emails, online platforms, e-commerce websites, banking websites, and many other sensitive accounts. The attacker submits a huge number of variants in an effort to find the correct one set by the legitimate user. They may employ systematic checking of password options or conduct an exhaustive key search through the key derivation function of passwords.
Brute-force attacks exploit the tendency of users to reuse login credentials across multiple sites and legitimate software, making them particularly effective. Successful password attacks can lead to unauthorized access to accounts and computer networks as well as sensitive data breaches. To mitigate the risk of brute-force attacks, it is crucial to use strong, unique passwords and implement additional security measures such as multi-factor authentication and account lockout policies.
9. DNS tunneling
DNS tunneling is a method of cyber attack that encodes the data of other programs or protocols in DNS queries and responses. If a DNS tunneling attack is successful it provides attackers with a “tunnel” that is under the radar of a firewall. Through this channel, they can then gradually steal a victim’s data or perform command-and-control callbacks, allowing them to perform actions on the compromised device or system.
10. Supply chain attack
A supply chain attack targets the vulnerabilities within an organization’s supply chain to infiltrate systems and gain unauthorized access to data. The threat actors exploit the trust relationships between an organization and its suppliers, contractors, or service providers. By compromising a third-party vendor with access to the target’s network or systems, attackers can bypass traditional security measures and inject malicious code or gain direct access to sensitive information.
Notable examples of supply chain attacks include the SolarWinds attack, where attackers inserted malicious code into software updates, and the Target breach, which was facilitated through a compromised HVAC vendor. Supply chain attacks can be particularly devastating due to the extensive network of interconnected systems and the difficulty in detecting and mitigating threats originating from trusted sources.
11. Local file inclusion
Local file inclusion is a common type of inclusion attack. When using this method, attackers tricks the web application into exposing or running files on the server. They do that by using a code vulnerability to replace the file path that web applications use for input. The application is then tricked into running a harmful script. On some occasions, it may even be able to upload malicious files.
Local file inclusion attacks can lead to illegitimate exposure of private data, credentials, and more. They can be used for further attacks, such as cross-site scripting and remote malicious code execution.
12. Cross-Site scripting (XSS)
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a type of security vulnerability typically found in web applications. It allows attackers to inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. The primary aim of XSS attacks is to execute code in the context of a user’s browser, leading to various malicious activities such as data theft, session hijacking, or defacement of the website. XSS attacks can be classified into three main types: stored, reflected, and DOM-based, each exploiting different vulnerabilities in web applications. Effective mitigation includes input validation, sanitization, and adopting secure coding practices to prevent the injection and execution of malicious scripts.
13. Zero-day exploit
A zero-day exploit is a type of cyber attack that targets a software vulnerability that is unknown to the software vendor or developers. Because the vulnerability is unknown, no patch or fix has been developed, leaving the software defenseless against the attack. The term “zero-day” refers to the fact that the developers have “zero days” to fix the problem because they were unaware of its existence. These exploits can remain undetected for long periods, allowing attackers to maintain access, gather information without being noticed and even perform a corporate account takeover.
14. IoT-based attacks
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected devices that communicate and exchange data. These devices, ranging from smart home gadgets to industrial sensors, are increasingly becoming targets for cyber attacks due to their widespread use and often inadequate security measures. Once a device is compromised, attackers can use it as an entry point to infiltrate the larger network it is connected to.
Compromised IoT devices are often recruited into botnets, large groups of devices controlled by attackers, which can be used to launch Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. Unauthorized access to personal data collected by IoT devices can lead to privacy violations. In industrial settings, compromised IoT devices can disrupt production processes, leading to significant financial losses.
15. Identity-based attack
An identity-based attack is a cyber attack where the attacker exploits the identity of a legitimate user to gain unauthorized access to systems, data, or services. These attacks often involve techniques such as credential theft, phishing, social engineering, or exploiting weak authentication mechanisms. By impersonating a valid user, attackers can bypass security controls, access sensitive information, and conduct malicious activities without raising immediate suspicion. Identity-based attacks can have severe consequences, including data breaches, financial loss, and damage to an organization’s reputation. Ensuring robust identity and access management practices, such as multi-factor authentication and regular monitoring of access logs, is crucial to defend against these types of attacks.
16. Eavesdropping attacks
Eavesdropping attacks, also called sniffing or snooping attacks, occur when an unauthorized party intercepts and listens to private communications between individuals or systems. This type of attack can target various communication channels, including phone calls, emails, instant messages, or data transmitted over a network. The primary goal of eavesdropping attacks is to capture sensitive information, such as login credentials, credit card numbers, or confidential communications, without the knowledge of the involved parties. Eavesdropping can be passive, where the attacker merely listens in without altering the communication, or active, where they may manipulate the data being sent. These attacks are often facilitated by weak encryption, unsecured networks, or compromised devices.
Cybersecurity attacks prevention and mitigation
Effective cybersecurity requires a multi-layered approach. Here’s how organizations can prevent and mitigate cyber attacks:
Understanding the threat landscape
To defend against cyber attacks, it is crucial to understand the current threat landscape. Cyber threats are constantly evolving, with new vulnerabilities and attack methods emerging regularly. Organizations need to stay updated on the latest trends in cyber threats to anticipate and defend against potential attacks.
Threat intelligence reports and cybersecurity advisories from organizations like the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the SANS Institute are valuable resources. Subscribing to monthly threat reports, such as the AMATAS Monthly Threat Report, can also keep you informed about the latest cyber news and emerging threats.
Staying informed about emerging threats helps organizations adapt their security strategies to counter new risks. Regularly reviewing cybersecurity news, participating in threat intelligence sharing communities, and subscribing to security bulletins can provide critical insights. Continuous learning and adaptation are key to maintaining robust cybersecurity defenses.
Proactive cybersecurity measures
Proactive cybersecurity measures are essential for mitigating the risk of cyber attacks. This approach strengthens an organization’s security posture by identifying hidden threats, addressing vulnerabilities, implementing robust security protocols, and fostering a culture of security awareness. By implementing a proactive cybersecurity strategy, organizations can reduce security risks, protect their digital assets, maintain customer trust, and ensure smooth operations. This proactive approach is vital in a dynamic threat environment, helping businesses remain resilient against the latest cyber threats and attacks.
Employee training and awareness
Employees are often the first line of defense against cyber attacks. Regular training sessions on security best practices can help employees recognize and avoid potential threats, such as phishing attack, social engineering scam, and password attack. Training should cover topics like password security, safe browsing habits, fake website recognition, and how to handle suspicious emails.
Conducting simulated phishing attacks and security drills helps employees practice their response to real-world scenarios. These exercises can identify vulnerabilities in employee behavior and improve their ability to detect and respond to phishing attempts and other cyber threats.
If a company doesn’t have an in-house security teams, such services can be outsourced to external providers. Managed Security Awareness service help organizations build a solid and sustainable security culture and a workforce that is better prepared to face the risks of human error.
Incident response planning
A structured incident recovery plan outlines the steps to be taken in the event of a cyber attack. This plan should include procedures for immediate incident response, investigation and mitigation, rebound and recovery, and post-incident activity.
During the webinar Rebound and Recover: The Critical 48 Hours Post-Cyber Attack, Boris Goncharov, AMATAS’ Chief Strategy Officer, presented our detailed and ready-to-use incident response plan for organizations of all sizes and industries. A well-prepared incident response plan ensures that all necessary steps are taken to minimize damage, recover quickly, and learn from the incident to prevent future attacks.
Protect your organization with AMATAS MXDR service
In today’s digital landscape, maintaining the necessary level of cybersecurity preparedness is a challenge for many organizations. Skill shortages and financial constraints often make it difficult to have in-house security teams. This is where Managed Extended Detection & Response (MXDR) services can make a significant difference.
AMATAS is your trusted cybersecurity partner, offering comprehensive protection through our Managed XDR services. MXDR combines automated threat monitoring, detection, and response with the expertise of cybersecurity professionals to provide complete security coverage for endpoints and networks. Our 24/7 monitoring ensures that your processes and intellectual property are safeguarded against all types of cyber attacks and threats. This proactive approach is crucial in an ever-changing threat environment, helping businesses remain resilient against the latest cyber threats and attacks.
Want to know more about how MXDR can help you protect your data and systems? Get in touch, and let’s discuss your cybersecurity needs.
FAQs:
What is cyber attack?
A cyber attack is an attempt by hackers to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to operating system, computer network, or device. These attacks can target individuals, businesses, or government agencies and often aim to steal data, disrupt operations, or install malware. Understanding cyber attacks helps in implementing effective cybersecurity measures.
What is the most common type of cybersecurity attacks?
Phishing is the most common type of cybersecurity attack. It involves tricking individuals into providing sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy entity through emails, fake websites, or text messages. Other common attacks include malware, ransomware, denial of service attack (DoS).
What is considered a cybersecurity threat?
A cybersecurity threat is any potential malicious act that aims to damage, steal data, or disrupt digital life in general. This includes viruses, trojans, ransomware, phishing scams, and any unauthorized access to computer network and/or computer system. Cybersecurity threats can originate from external attackers or internal sources.
What is the cyber threat level in the US?
The cyber threat level in the US is considered high, with a notable increase in attack frequency and sophistication. The 2024 Annual Threat Assessment reports a rise in malware and ransomware attacks, driven by advancements in AI and digital technologies. Additionally, the growing prevalence of remote and hybrid work, along with the broader digitalization, has expanded the attack surface. This has led to greater exposure to potential cyber threats, making it crucial for businesses and individuals to enhance their cybersecurity measures.
